Why Sun Exposure Remains the Primary Driver of Visible Skin Ageing

This paper explores actinic damage (sun damage) as the primary cause of facial skin aging, showing that photoaging results from cumulative exposure to the sun’s full energy spectrum, not ultraviolet radiation alone. Drawing on clinical and molecular research, the authors explain how visible light and near-infrared radiation—which make up over 90% of solar energy reaching the skin—contribute to pigmentation, collagen breakdown, vascular changes, muscle thinning, and loss of skin firmness. These findings challenge traditional UV-only protection models and highlight the importance of comprehensive daily protection and repair across the entire solar spectrum.

Title: Actinic Damage: The Major Cause of Skin Aging

Results: The review concludes that 80–90% of visible facial skin aging is attributable to actinic damage caused by cumulative solar exposure. Crucially, visible light and near-infrared radiation—largely unfiltered by conventional sunscreens—significantly contribute to photoaging, pigmentation disorders, vascular irregularities, skin laxity, and photocarcinogenesis. Effective prevention requires comprehensive daily protection across the entire solar spectrum, alongside mechanisms that support skin repair and resilience.